Azog the Defiler is after Thorin & Co because Thorin's grandfather, Thror, had defeated Azog in battle years ago, cutting off his arm and driving him out of their homeland. Azog seeks revenge for this defeat and sees an opportunity to reclaim his honor by killing Thorin and his companions. Additionally, Azog is a powerful leader among the orcs and is motivated by a desire to maintain his dominance and power over the region. **

Thorin, his sister Fíli, and Kíli live in the Lonely Mountain, also known as Erebor. This is the ancestral home of the Dwarves, which was taken over by the dragon Smaug. After reclaiming the Lonely Mountain, Thorin becomes the King under the Mountain, and Fíli and Kíli serve as his loyal companions and heirs to the throne. **

Smaug knows that Thorin is called Oakenshield because it is a well-known name among the dwarves. Thorin earned the name Oakenshield after using an oak branch as a shield during a battle. As a powerful and intelligent dragon, Smaug is knowledgeable about the history and reputations of the different races, including the dwarves. Therefore, he is aware of Thorin's nickname and uses it to taunt and intimidate him during their interactions. **

In The Hobbit, Thorin and Thranduil have a tense conversation when Thorin demands that Thranduil return the gems and treasure that he believes belong to the dwarves. Thranduil refuses, and the two leaders exchange heated words, with Thorin accusing Thranduil of being greedy and selfish. The conversation highlights the underlying tensions and conflicts between the different races in Middle-earth, as well as the struggle for power and wealth. Ultimately, their conversation sets the stage for the larger conflicts that unfold in the story. **

In the Battle of the Five Armies, Thorin and his company used goats as a surprise element in their attack on the Orcs. It is not explicitly mentioned where Thorin got the goats, but it can be assumed that they were either part of the supplies and resources that the company had brought with them, or they may have been acquired from the local area as they made their way to the battlefield. The use of goats added an unexpected and effective element to their strategy, catching the Orcs off guard. **

Thorin and his friends need a plan for the entrance of Erebor because the mountain is currently occupied by Smaug, a powerful and dangerous dragon. Without a plan, they risk walking into a potentially deadly situation. By strategizing their approach, they can increase their chances of success and minimize the risks involved in reclaiming their homeland. A well-thought-out plan will also help them coordinate their efforts and utilize their strengths effectively against the formidable foe that guards Erebor. **

The valves on heating pipes are typically ball valves or gate valves. Ball valves have a spherical disc inside that controls the flow of water by rotating the handle, while gate valves have a gate or wedge that moves up and down to control the flow. Both types of valves are used to regulate the flow of hot water through the heating system and can be manually operated to adjust the temperature or shut off the flow completely. **

Gandalf reintroduces Thorin at the beginning of The Hobbit: Part 2 in the inn at Bree to remind the audience of Thorin's importance as the leader of the company of dwarves. This serves as a way to reestablish Thorin's character and his quest to reclaim the Lonely Mountain. Additionally, it helps set the stage for the continuation of the journey and the challenges that lie ahead for Thorin and his companions. **